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Why crypto’s VC kingmakers are backing rival startups

Quick Take

  • Layer 1 blockchains, NFT marketplaces and crypto bridges are just a few examples of sub-sectors in which the leading startups share the same backers.  
  • Investing in rival startups is unusual in venture capital, but crypto heavyweights justify it on the basis that the sector is still so early in its development. 

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Author: Ryan Weeks

DOJ charges Miami-based trio with defrauding banks, crypto exchange for $4 million

The US Department of Justice (DOJ) has charged three people in Miami with a conspiracy to defraud banks and a cryptocurrency exchange for more than $4 million.

The three defendants — identified as Esteban Cabrera Da Corte, Luis Hernandez Gonzalez and Asdrubal Ramirez Meza — were arrested on Tuesday, according to a release

The DOJ alleges in an unsealed indictment that in early 2020 the Miami-based trio opened accounts on “a leading cryptocurrency exchange platform” using “photos of fake US passports, driver’s licenses and stolen personal identifying information.” They linked those accounts to several bank accounts, deposited money into those bank accounts using ATMs and bought more than $4 million worth of cryptocurrency, the indictment states. 

The cryptocurrency was later transferred to a wallet outside the exchange controlled by the defendants and their co-conspirators, according to the DOJ. After the transfer was done, the defendants allegedly called the banks to falsely report that the cryptocurrency purchases were unauthorized, leading banks to reverse the transactions. 

The scheme resulted in banks processing more than $4 million in fraudulent reversals and the exchange lost more than $3.5 million in cryptocurrency, according to the DOJ. 

 “Cabrera, Hernandez, and Ramirez coordinated this large-scale operation to launder millions of dollars through cryptocurrency exchanges and U.S. banks, ultimately exploiting both the virtual currency market and the U.S. financial system,” Ricky J. Patel, the acting special agent-in-charge of Homeland Security Investigations in New York, said in a statement. 

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Kharishar Kahfi

Bitcoin mining stock report: Tuesday, August 23

Most bitcoin mining stocks recovered in the stock market on Tuesday as the coin value rose slightly.

Bitcoin was trading at approximately $21,500 at market close, according to data from TradingView.

HIVE Blockchain’s stock went up by 10.75% on Nasdaq, followed by Marathon (+6.03%) and Bitfarms (+5.07% on Nasdaq). On the other side, Mawson Infrastructure fell by 10.81%, Digihost by 6.20% and Cipher Mining by 3.47%.

Here’s how crypto mining companies performed on Tuesday, August 23:

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Catarina Moura

Sotheby’s hires NFT specialist to join digital art team

The historic art auction house Sotheby’s has hired an NFT specialist to join its digital art team. 

Brian Beccafico, who goes by Arthemort online, announced his new position at Sotheby’s through a meme. The auction house confirmed in a call that he has joined the company.

Sotheby’s has steadily increased its involvement in NFTs since it auctioned its first NFT, one by digital creator Pak for nearly $17 million, in April 2021. The auction house launched its own NFT platform called Sotheby’s Metaverse in October. 

Sotheby’s offers NFTs through multiple sale formats, including auction, buy-now and generative drops, and has a team of specialists in New York, London, Paris and Hong Kong. Sotheby’s marquee sales for NFTs and digital art – Natively Digital – are held three times a year. Last year, when such things were searingly hot, the most expensive Bored Ape Yacht Club ever sold went for $3.4 million, and the second most expensive Cryptopunk ever sold reached $11.7 million. 

Beccafico, who comes from a family of art collectors, is an NFT art collector himself who has purchased works from the top names in crypto including Beeple, Pak, Fewocious and XCOPY, Beccafico said in a prior interview. He recently received a master’s degree in art business from Sotheby’s.

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: MK Manoylov

Celsius sues Prime Trust for the return of $17 million

Crypto lender Celsius is suing infrastructure provider Prime Trust for the return of $17 million worth of cryptocurrency amid the lender’s Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings.

Prime Trust provided custody and other services for Celsius users in New York and Washington state at the direction of Celsius. The two firms terminated their relationship in June of 2021, at which point Celsius says Prime Trust returned about $119 million worth of crypto assets. Celsius is arguing that Prime Trust has not yet returned all the money it owes.

At the time the relationship dissolved, Prime Trust cut off Celsius’s access to view its account activity. However, Celsius believes it is still owed 398 Bitcoin, 196,268 CEL tokens, 3,740 ETH, and 2,261,448 USDC. The complaint pegged the total value at around $17 million. 

Now, Celsius is requesting a court order that would compel Prime Trust to turn over the additional assets and any other crypto Celsius users might have transferred to Prime Trust after the dissolution of the relationship. It’s also asking for damages in an amount to be determined at trial.

Celsius entered Chapter 11 proceedings in July after market turmoil led to liquidity issues causing the firm to declare bankruptcy. 

“Upon the commencement of these bankruptcy proceedings, Prime Trust was obligated under the Bankruptcy Code to deliver all property belonging to Celsius that is in Prime Trust’s possession to Celsius, including these remaining crypto assets, and should be ordered to turn them over now pursuant to section 542 of the Bankruptcy Code,” said the filing.

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Aislinn Keely

Celsius countersues KeyFi, former employee for being ‘thieves’

Celsius accused staking firm KeyFi and its founder in a lawsuit of stealing, losing and laundering millions of dollars worth of cryptocurrency.

The embattled lender filed a complaint in the US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York today demanding restitution of property and damages alleging that KeyFi and founder Jason Stone stole millions of dollars in coins from Celsius wallets by transferring them to wallets controlled by the defendants. Celsius says Stone and KeyFi used recently-sanctioned Tornado Cash to launder the assets.  

The suit comes six weeks after Stone sued Celsius, accusing the firm of mismanagement and fraud, and claiming it is owed money based on hundreds of millions in profits generated. Celsius acquired part of KeyFi in 2020. 

Celsius filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection last month after significant market volatility led to liquidity issues forcing the firm to halt withdrawals and enter bankruptcy proceedings. 

Celsius said it lent KeyFi coins to stake but later asked for them back. After multiple asks, including a formal request from the Celsius board, Celsius recovered the majority of its coins from Stone, but it says a “substantial gap remained.”

“As Celsius only later would learn, Stone’s repeated assurances that he could, and would, return all of Celsius’ coins (plus “profits” due to Celsius) were lies designed to conceal the fact that he either had lost or stolen a substantial number of coins,” said the filing. 

Celsius contends Stone and KeyFi also bought hundreds of NFTs with Celsius’s coins, which violated the agreement that KeyFi would only stake the tokens pending approval from Celsius. Stone and KeyFi contended in their complaint that the NFTs were a form of compensation authorized by Celsius CEO Alexander Mashinsky.  

To hide his activities, Celsius contends Stone was using mixer Tornado Cash. The firm alleges Stone transferred $1.4 million from a Celsius wallet through Tornado Cash to wallets he controls in late September, months after he had left the company.

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Aislinn Keely

Distributed Finance acquires Algorand NFT marketplace Rand Gallery

Distributed Finance emerged from stealth this morning, announcing a $2.5 million seed round and the acquisition of Algorand NFT marketplace Rand Gallery. 

The new venture aims to promote growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) in the Algorand ecosystem, according to a release on Tuesday. 

A $2.5 million seed round

Leading the round for Distributed Finance is Borderless Capital, an investment firm which launched a $500 million fund focused on the Layer 1 ecosystem in November.  

Other investors in the round include The Algorand Foundation, Eterna Capital, Big Brain Holdings and Fun Fair Ventures, per the release. 

The founding team of Zest, a DAO management tool within Algorand, is responsible for creating Distributed Finance. Distributed Finance will now become the holding company for Zest, said Ross Murray-Jones, CEO of Zest, responding in writing to questions from The Block. 

In recent months, Zest has been working on a for-profit DAO structure in the Cayman Islands. Institutional clients will have access to the Investment DAO LLC structure, enabling an unlimited amount of global members to access equity ownership in their DAOs, according to the release. 

Zest’s clients include Borderless Capital and Al Goanna. The fresh $2.5 million in funding will be put toward launching and scaling Zest; growing Rand Gallery and driving hiring, Murray-Jones said.

Acquiring Rand Gallery

Some of the seed funding also went toward the acquisition of Rand Galley, he added, but specifics of the deal were not disclosed. 

Murray-Jones said Distributed Finance has been working on the deal for six weeks. It will enable the team to double down on Algorand, which is a proof-of-stake blockchain.

“NFTs and DAOs overlap, meaning Zest and Rand Gallery have much in common,” Murray-Jones said. “Zest will use NFTs to access its DAOs, and Rand Gallery will introduce DAO products into its marketplace. For example, we recognise a tool like PartyBid is operationally efficient but would work much better integrated directly into a marketplace.” 

Mergers and acquisitions are on pace for a record year, according to a report from The Block Research.  

However, several high-profile M&A deals have fallen apart in recent weeks, such as investment firm Galaxy Digital’s acquisition of crypto custodian BitGo and crypto miner Prime Blockchain’s merger with SPAC 10X Capital Venture Acquisition Corp II. 

Blockchain M&A transactions

Chart: The Block Research

 

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Kari McMahon

Congressman demands answers from Yellen on Tornado Cash sanctions

Crypto booster Congressman Tom Emmer is demanding answers from Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen for the agency’s recent Tornado Cash sanctions.

The Republican from Minnesota took aim at the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, and its blacklisting of Tornado Cash as a sanctioned entity earlier in August in an Aug. 23 letter posted on Twitter. A mixer that helps obfuscate transaction details, Tornado Cash laundered more than $7 billion worth of virtual currency since its creation in 2019, the Treasury said. 

“These sanctions are unique, however, in that they were not levied against a person or an entity, but against ‘privacy-enabling’ code,” Emmer wrote, alongside a flurry of questions requesting clarifications of the agency’s actions.

His concerns reflected many of the points the cryptocurrency industry has brought up in the wake of the sanctions, which were the first to target a smart contract address. Emmer is a co-chair of the Congressional Blockchain Caucus and has a long history as an advocate for the crypto industry. 

“How does OFAC intend to uphold the appeals process for the sanctioned addresses that have no ability to appeal the sanction to OFAC” as the addresses are smart contracts with no agency and cannot speak for themselves, Emmer wrote. “Given that the Tornado Cash back-end will operate unchanged as an anonymizing technology as long as the Ethereum network continues to operate, who or what entity did OFAC believe was reasonably responsible for imposing controls on the Tornado Cash blockchain contracts?”

As The Block reported last week, the Tornado Cash designations were just the latest in a long expansion of sanctions targeting crypto wallets and businesses. 

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Kollen Post

Crypto lending platforms increase rates due to higher borrowing demand

Savings rates on crypto holdings have increased across lending platforms, despite several high-profile lending firms collapsing in June and July.  

Following the collapse of Terra, lending companies faced extreme difficulty operating. Many were forced to slash their rates to encourage more borrowing. Yet now this trend is starting to reverse, as lending rates are becoming more lucrative. 

How rates have changed 

Rates have largely increased across major lending platforms. BlockFi, Gemini and Crypto.com all increased rates in August while Ledn has kept rates unchanged throughout the turbulence.  

BlockFi increased rates on BTC, UNI, USDT as well as stablecoins USDC, GUSD, PAX and BUSD for August. The increases varied from 0.5% to as high as 2%. The rates for uniswap on all of its tiers were increased.

Nexo increased the yields it offers on bitcoin and chainlink balances while lowering the balance limits, meaning customers will be able to access higher rates at lower balance levels. For example, gold level customers will receive 3.5% on bitcoin balances up to $200,000 and 2% on anything above this.  

The firm also introduced balance limits for ether, stablecoins and pax gold on July 1, calling it a “sustainable solution for us to maintain our top rates, rather than simply slashing our yields altogether.” The lender wasn’t open to discussing rates at this time when contacted by The Block. 

Toronto-based Ledn’s rates were unchanged as of August 1, with the interest rate for bitcoin savings accounts remaining at 5.25% for balances up to 0.1 BTC and 2% for balances over this. Rates on USDC accounts were kept at 7.5% for all balances. 

Why are rates increasing? 

Lending rates increased because of changing market dynamics, according to multiple lenders. 

One reason offered by both Ledn and BlockFi is the lack of liquidity in the lending market at present. With Celsius and Voyager having filed for bankruptcy and other firms, such as Vauld, Babel, Zipmex and now Hodlnaut all facing similar issues, borrowing options are scarcer.  

Ledn’s co-founder and chief strategy officer Mauricio Di Bartolomeo told The Block that lending demand now outpaces supply as a significant amount of supply has come off the market. With this, margins and pricing have returned to more sustainable levels.  

BlockFi’s global head of trading Joe Hickey shared a similar sentiment, telling The Block there was a lot more supply in May, which pushed rates lower. Echoing his firm’s CEO Zac Prince, Hickey said, “it’s now much more of a lender’s market than a borrower’s market, back then [May] it was more of a borrower’s market.” 

Ledn’s Di Bartolomeo shares the view that the lending market in May was a borrower’s market. During this period, lenders were offering borrowing rates well below sustainable levels, which meant lenders were taking an unprecedented risk in offering out loans. Now things are starting to balance out.

How will The Merge affect lending rates? 

As The Merge approaches, there may be further rate increases on the horizon. 

Specific tokens have seen an uptick in volume and interest, according to Joe Hickey. Uniswap, the decentralized finance platform, has seen platform trading volumes in line with even Coinbase recently. BlockFi increased its rates offered on UNI in line with the increased volume, and The Merge might spur similar increases from other lenders. 

Joe Hickey earmarked the potential for future increases in more tokens, like ether, noting The Merge and staking rewards as contributing factors.  

Following the merge, and Ethereum moving to proof-of-stake, ether investors will be able to take advantage of staking rewards between 6% and 9%, which should enable lenders to offer higher savings rates, says Hickey. At present staking rewards are below this at about 4.1%. 

 

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Adam Morgan McCarthy

State of Scaling Issue 3: Polygon, Scroll and zkEVM

Quick Take

  • In this bi-weekly series, we look into some of the most interesting data and developments across the Layer 2 blockchain landscape, from DeFi and bridges to network activity and funding
  • Polygon zk efforts appear to have coalesced across Polygon Hermez, Zero and Miden; a result of their  close collaboration working under a single umbrella
  • Scroll has also announced the launch of the zkEVM testnet, where they achieved EVM equivalence by using a myriad of zk circuits and recursion
  • zkEVM efforts are receiving significant attention from the media, although it remains to be seen that it will be a game changer for adoption
  • zkMIPS and zk/optimistic hybrids are also being discussed at length, considering the possibility that optimistic rollups may someday transition to use validity proofs as well

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Author: Arnold Toh


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