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An Overview of On-Chain Options in DeFi

Quick take

  • Options are foundational infrastructure for any financial system, including DeFi.
  • Trading volumes for options on cryptocurrencies like BTC and ETH have grown significantly in the last year, but the majority of this volume is on centralized exchanges. 
  • Automated market-making systems have been extremely successful bootstrapping liquidity in swaps and lending, but have not taken off for options so far.

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Author: Afif Bandak

Ether options trading volume surpassed that of bitcoin’s for the first time on Deribit

Crypto derivatives exchange Deribit experienced an unusual trend for the first time ever on Monday: Its ether (ETH) options trading volume surpassed that of bitcoin’s (BTC’s).

While the total trading volume for bitcoin options was $879.5 million on Monday, ether’s was $1.32 billion, which is 50% more. Options are derivatives contracts that give their holders the right to buy or sell an underlying asset at a stated price within a specified period.

Source: Skew

Deribit said it has no opinion on the flip of the trade. But the likely reason is that ETH has significantly outperformed BTC in price over the past several months.

ETH’s price has gained over 1,400% over the past year, while bitcoin’s has gained about 550%.

On a monthly basis, however, BTC options’ trading volume on Deribit is four times higher than ETH’s. In April, the exchange saw around $33 billion in BTC options trading volume, while around $8 billion in ETH options. Deribit is the largest bitcoin options exchange, having a market share of over 85%, according to The Block’s Data Dashboard.

Source: Skew

Bitcoin is currently trading at around $56,000, and ETH is priced at about $3,325, a new all-time high.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Yogita Khatri

Federal Reserve official set to lead U.S. banking regulator: reports

Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen is reportedly set to name a Federal Reserve official to take over at the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency on an acting basis, according to reports from the Wall Street Journal and Politico

Yellen has reportedly tapped Michael Hsu, who currently serves as an assistant director at the Federal Reserve, to take over for Blake Paulson. Paulson has been acting comptroller since the departure of Brian Brooks in January. Speaking to The Block, Hsu declined to comment, as did a representative for the OCC. 

Paulson has largely continued Brooks’ approach with the issuance of charters for crypto companies. As previously reported, the crypto-centric efforts undertaken by Brooks attracted criticism from Congressional Democrats during his time in office.

Owing largely to Brooks’ legacy, as well as the role of the OCC as the point regulator for national banking registration, the question of who would take over the OCC on a more permanent basis has been the subject of no small amount of speculation from the crypto community. 

Yellen served as the chair of the Federal Reserve between 2014 and 2018, serving under presidents Obama and Trump.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Kollen Post

CryptoPunks creator Larva Labs launches new NFT project, dubbed ‘Meebits’

NFT project Larva Labs just launched its third non-fungible token (NFT) project that features avatar characters for virtual worlds, games, and VR. 

The collection, dubbed “Meebits,” is similar to the company’s popular NFT project CryptoPunks, except instead of 2D 8-bit-pixelated characters, the avatars are 3D. 

“Writing a generator of voxel characters was a lot more challenging and involved than writing a 2D generator. We’ve been tinkering with voxel generation for a few years and are really proud of where we ended up,” Larva Labs co-founders Matt Hall and John Watkinson wrote in a blog post published Monday. 

According to the post, the collection will feature characters with rare details like Autoglyphys-style generative tattoo patterns on particular Meebits. The company will roll out an “asset pack” for each Meebit which allows the owner to take a “T-pose” version of the avatar and use it in any game or virtual world that supports humanoid avatars. By doing this, owners can activate or “bring their Meebits to life.”

Similar to CryptoPunks, there is a file hash stored in the smart contract. “Once all 20,000 Meebits have been minted, we’ll release the file matching that hash on IPFS. This will contain all the attribute and voxel data for each Meebit, so they can live on in perpetuity,” Hall and Watkinson wrote.

The Meebits launch will have two distinct components: a community grant and a sale. 

Through the community grant, CryptoPunks and Autoglyphs owners can “redeem” their collectibles for a free Meebit. Owners can still keep the Punk or Glyph but the Meebits contract will mark it as “used” once the Meebit has been claimed. The remaining Meebits will be available for sale.

Nobody knows which Meebits they will receive, but holders will have the chance to trade their collectibles on a newly-developed marketplace. 

“We think being able to trade Meebits for Meebits is going to be really fun. For us, this evokes the kind of collecting we did as kids, where money was rarely involved in transactions,” Hall and Watkinson wrote. “We are just getting started fleshing out this new market, so in the coming weeks, expect lots of new features to make trading more convenient, plus the analysis tools that we’ve all grown accustomed to on the Cryptopunks site.”

The launch comes a month after Larva Labs announced it would auction off some of its CryptoPunks in a sale by auction house Christie’s. 

Image via Larva Labs website.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Saniya More

Top DeFi protocols generated $252 million in revenue for token holders and users in April

$252 million — that’s how much revenue the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem’s top protocols generated during the month of April, according to The Block’s Data Dashboard.

Of that amount, DEX protocol Uniswap generated $113.66 million. The revenue generated by DeFi protocols covers what is earned by both token holders as well as users of the protocol, including liquidity providers.

By comparison, protocols Compound, SushiSwap and Ave generated $46.08 million, $35.23 million, $24.72 million, respectively.

The Block Research’s protocol revenue methodology can be found here.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Michael McSweeney

FTX’s Sam Bankman-Fried breaks down the Solana and Serum ecoystems

It’s been an impressive month for the digital assets tied to billionaire crypto exchange executive Sam Bankman-Fried. 

Solana, the layer-1 blockchain competitor to Ethereum, has seen its price surge 47.8% over the last month, according to CoinGecko. Bankman-Fried is one of Solana’s most prominent supporters. Meanwhile, Serum, the Solana-based DEX, has seen its native token Serum increase by nearly 62% over the last seven days, Coin Gecko data shows

During this episode of The Scoop, we dive deep into the Solana and Serum eco-systems. Sam Bankman-Fried explains why FTX decided to launch a decentralized exchange on Solana versus Ethereum, which supports the vast majority of non-custodial protocols. 

“Any products that we tried to build or that even that we tried to scope out — we originally were just definitely going to build on Ethereum because that’s where everything was — product after product got into the same death dial which was 10 transactions a second for the network was just not enough,” Bankman-Fried said. 

Solana’s blockchain promises more scalability through a new consensus mechanism known as Proof of History. It appears to be favorable among traders. Serum, which FTX announced in July, has seen its trading volumes top $1 billion last month, as per The Block’s data dashboard. 

Of course, the benefits of a more scalable blockchain raises questions about decentralization. He said that there are limitations relative to Ethereum, but it is possible to get a lot more participation than other more scalable blockchains.

“Solana has gone down in the direction of saying, hey, look we want the performance of blockchain to be an important criteria of it and we care a lot about the efficiency and scaling and economics of it,” he said. “While also wanting there to be a sufficiently big group of nodes. Now, what does sufficiently mean? I don’t know. Different people have different thresholds. Right now, they’re about 600 active nodes on Solana.”

“At that level, you’re certainly going to be in the position where everyone in the world is running a Solana node, but you could be in the position where 5% of the world is running one,” Bankman-Fried added. “You can’t get the same number as you can with Ethereum.”

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Frank Chaparro

Turkey moves to cover crypto service providers under its money laundering regulations

Turkey added “crypto asset service providers” to companies affected under anti-money laundering and terrorism funding law, according to a presidential decree published in Turkey’s Official Gazette on May 1. 

Turkey’s decision to regulate crypto exchanges took effect immediately, spurred by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey’s belief that digital assets pose “significant risks.”

The move comes three weeks after Turkey barred cryptocurrency as a legitimate payment option and one week after two Turkish crypto exchanges — Thodex and Vebitcoin — collapsed

Authorities still appear to be searching for Thodex CEO Faruk Fatih Ozer, who allegedly fled with $2 billion in investor’s money after the exchange faltered. As of April 30, 83 people affiliated with Thodex have been arrested, including Ozer’s brother, sister, and other senior company employees, according to Reuters.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: MK Manoylov

Digital Currency Group plans to buy additional $500 million worth of GBTC shares as trade discount continues

Digital Currency Group (DCG), the parent company of Grayscale, announced Monday that it plans to buy an additional $500 million worth of Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) shares.

The new plan increases DCG’s limit of such purchases to up to $750 million. In March, the company said it would buy up to $250 million worth of GBTC shares.

As of April 30, DCG said it had purchased $193.5 million worth of GBTC shares.

The additional buying plan comes as GBTC continues to trade at a discount for almost three months, meaning the market price of its shares is trading below its net asset value or NAV.

Buying back of shares is a common strategy for companies looking to increase the price of their shares by simultaneously creating demand while decreasing the number of shares outstanding.

The current discount of GBTC is around 10%, and there are several factors are behind the fall, including competing products in the market, as The Block reported last month.

The persistent discount recently led Marlton, an investment management firm with considerable GBTC holdings, to write an open letter to Grayscale.

Market experts recently told The Block that converting GBTC into a bitcoin ETF is one of the best options for Grayscale. Indeed, the firm announced last month that it is “100% committed” to the conversion. Still, U.S. regulators have yet to approve a bitcoin ETF in the country, and the Securities and Exchange Commission recently delayed a determination on a proposed ETF from VanEck. 

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Yogita Khatri

PayPal has held exploratory talks about launching a stablecoin: sources

PayPal is exploring the launch of a stablecoin, The Block has learned.

Four sources with knowledge of the situation told The Block that PayPal has made the rounds among some of the industry’s stablecoin protocol developers — suggesting the payments giant may be leaning towards working with a third-party company. 

Ava Labs, the team behind the Avalanche blockchain, is one of the organizations that has held talks with PayPal over stablecoin development, according to people familiar with the matter. It is not clear which other protocols have been involved in the discussions.  

A PayPal spokesperson told The Block that “PayPal continues to explore the potential of digital currencies, digital financial services infrastructure and how we can help enhance digital commerce as a trusted partner in the space.”  

“As a global company working with regulators and industry partners throughout the world to shape the next generation of financial systems, the company is in frequent conversation about technologies that enable these goals. However, rumors and speculation are not predictive of the company’s future plans,” the spokesperson said. 

If PayPal did move forward with such a project, it would represent a significant escalation of its work in the crypto space. Stablecoins are digital assets that represent fiat or government-backed currencies, using a blockchain network as a payment rail. There is more than $80 billion in stablecoins circulating in the market today, according to data collected by The Block.

“It looks like they’re more likely to do something with an existing stablecoin partner rather than build something themselves, because I think that that would get something to market faster, and I think that’s their primary concern,” one source told The Block.

Rumors have long circulated regarding PayPal’s stablecoin ambitions. Indeed, one source described the move as the best-known secret in the crypto industry. 

Last fall, PayPal announced that it would enable crypto buys and sells on its platform through a partnership with industry startup Paxos. PayPal has moved to widen the scope of its crypto offerings since then. 

On March 8, PayPal announced that it had completed the acquisition of crypto security firm and multi-party computation (MPC) start-up Curv.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Ryan Weeks

Crypto exchange FTX hires former HSBC exec as it prepares to serve traditional financial institutions

Crypto exchange FTX has hired a former forex sales executive from HSBC, the U.K.’s largest bank, as it prepares to serve traditional financial institutions.

Jonathan Cheesman, most recently the head of forex sales to hedge funds and banks in London, has joined FTX as head of over-the-counter and institutional sales. In this role, Cheesman will be “a bridge between traditional finance and crypto natives,” he told The Block in an interview.

“I’m very happy to be a facilitator and a translator for people that are new to the crypto space in traditional finance,” he said.

Cheesman has been a crypto trader and investor since 2017. Before HSBC, he was a partner at the crypto venture firm Distributed Global, focussing on investor relations and strategy. Before Distributed Global, Cheesman spent 12 years at Goldman Sachs and Barclays working in forex sales roles.

When asked why he’s joining FTX now, Cheesman told The Block that it is “great timing” as crypto’s institutional adoption is just starting to pick up. “I’ll be able to leverage my relationships in the hedge fund community as well as servicing and learning from FTX’s crypto native community,” he said.

The hiring of Cheesman is one of the first steps in FTX’s bid to serve traditional financial institutions. FTX CEO Sam Bankman-Fried told The Block that the exchange is currently in contact with more than 30 traditional finance firms, including banks, payment processors, and hedge funds, to explore crypto offerings.

“We are proactively reaching out to a number of traditional finance firms to develop relationships, figuring out which products they want most, and building beta versions of those products,” he said.

Bankman-Fried went on to say that many financial institutions over the past year have decided that they will dip their toes into the crypto space. While most of them haven’t yet done large volumes, FTX anticipates that there will be substantial increases this year.

“So, we want to be ready to support them,” said Bankman-Fried.

Cheesman told The Block that some of the products institutions are interested in include curve trades, custom baskets (such as DeFi index products), and total return products (main asset plus staking/ yield income). FTX’s core offerings include spot and derivatives trading, as well as products such as pre-IPO contracts and stock tokens.

Overall, FTX wants to be a “value add counterparty” for traditional finance institutions by helping them to find the best trades and potentially working with them on structuring products, said Cheesman.

To support its expansion plans, FTX is currently also raising a “big equity round” to support strategic partnerships, Cheesman told The Block. Bankman-Fried confirmed the round but declined to share details since the raise is ongoing.

FTX has grown significantly since the launch of its operations in 2019, and is currently the fourth-largest spot crypto exchange by trading volumes. FTX facilitated nearly $44 billion worth of spot trading volumes on its platform in April, according to The Block’s Data Dashboard.

In terms of derivatives trading, FTX is one of the largest exchanges in the space for both bitcoin futures and options. It is ranked fifth and sixth for bitcoin futures and options, respectively, by aggregated open interest, according to the Data Dashboard.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Yogita Khatri


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