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Mapping out the DAO ecosystem

Quick Take

  • Interest surrounding decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) in the crypto sector has been picking up by community members and investors looking to allocate to new sectors in its emerging economy
  • Over the past couple of months, investors have been allocating capital to projects that provide infrastructure and tooling for DAOs for easier governance decisions and treasury management
  • In total, The Block has identified 162 DAOs across 8 different verticals currently expanding in this segment in the crypto sector

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Author: John Dantoni

Interactive Brokers rolls out crypto trading with Paxos

Global electronic brokerage firm Interactive Brokers Group is teaming up with Paxos to enable crypto trading. 

Interactive Brokers’ clients can now trade and custody Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash through Paxos. The assets will be accessible alongside traditional assets through a single interface.

For now, the services are only available to U.S. residents with individual or joint accounts. In its announcement, Interactive Brokers said there are plans to launch crypto trading to other client bases, including Financial Advisors, and those outside the U.S.

The firm is also touting low commissions, charging 0.12%–0.18% of trade value as commission. 

Paxos nabbed approval for a bank charter from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency this April, enabling it to expand its custody offerings for firms like Interactive Brokers. Its own brokerage offering, Paxos Crypto Brokerage, is the API enabling the trading, custody and liquidity, while Interactive Brokers maintains the client base. 

Chairman Thomas Peterffy founded Interactive Brokers in 1977 as a market maker before incorporating the firm into a broker-dealer in 1993. It currently has more than $9 billion in equity as one of the largest electronic brokerages in the world. Peterffy has been skeptical of cryptocurrencies in the past, but during an interview with CNBC earlier this year, he admitted to having some money in digital assets because “you have to play the odds.” 

At that time, Peterffy teased that several of the firm’s clients had expressed interest in crypto trading. Interactive Brokers caters to an institutional client base; in the firm’s announcement, CEO Milan Galik referenced the growing investor demand.

“As financial markets evolve, sophisticated individual and institutional investors are increasingly seeking out allocations to digital currencies as a means of achieving their financial objectives,” Galik’s said. “In giving our clients access to cryptocurrency trading, we recognize the need to meet the growing investor demand to trade cryptocurrency alongside other asset classes in a convenient and low-cost way.”

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Aislinn Keely

Latest version of open-source Bitcoin Core software released

Bitcoin Core version 22.0, the second Bitcoin Core update for 2021, was released on Monday. 

The new update largely bolstered remote procedure calls (RPCs) — communication channels that allow users to interact with the Bitcoin network — as well as improvements to the build system, files, tools and utilities, wallets, graphical user interface (GUI) and network. 

A few notable changes include the removal of support for the anonymous browser Tor v2 in favor of Tor v3 and allowing the use of external signers such as hardware wallets. 

Bitcoin Core 22.0 will not be compatible with macOS versions earlier than 10.14, but it will support all macOS after that in addition to Linux kernel and Windows 7. 

The last update to the Bitcoin Core occurred on January 14, 2021. One hundred and twenty-eight individuals are credited as helping to develop the most recent version.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: MK Manoylov

Bitcoin mining firm Greenidge expects public NASDAQ listing on September 15

The merger between the bitcoin mining firm Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc and the technical support company Support.com will be finalized on September 14, according to a Monday release

Greenidge and the NASDAQ-listed Support.com had arranged to merge in a stock-for-stock transaction back in March, The Block previously reported. However, the transaction was slated to take place vaguely in Q3, or by the end of September. 

This most recent development solidifies that the merger will in fact take place on time, with the additional detail that Greenidge Class A common stock with the ticker symbol “GREE” will go live on NASDAQ on September 15. 

Greenidge Generation Holdings is a New York-based bitcoin mining operation that has an estimated 41 MW bitcoin mining capacity and 1.1 EH/s computing power as of June, The Block previously reported. 

The firm pledged to go carbon neutral through carbon offsetting in June of this year, and announced its plan to expand bitcoin mining operations into South Carolina in July.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: MK Manoylov

Hedge fund vet Dan Tapiero has invested more than $650 million into crypto’s largest companies

The number of crypto unicorns — those valued at above $1 billion — is growing at a breakneck clip, drawing the interest of investors like Dan Tapiero. 

Tapiero, a veteran of the macro trading world, launched 10T in 2019 as a vehicle for traditional investors to get exposure to equity in crypto firms with a valuation above $500 million. Such an investment might not provide the 100x return a venture capital investor might look for when flipping a token, but it is a less risky way for pension funds and endowments to get exposure to crypto’s upside. 

“They’re comfortable with private equity and these companies—many of which have $100 million of revenue,” Tapiero told The Block. “They are businesses at scale with moats around them. There isn’t any risk that they will disappear.”

10T has invested in a wide range of crypto firms, including Kraken, Ledger, eToro, Huobi, and Figure. There’s a clear appetite from investors for exposure to these types of funds. Shortly after 10T launched its first fund, it launched a second fund, 10T DAE Expansion Fund. Ultimately, it has invested more than $650 million across its two funds and co-investment vehicles. The firm’s second fund has deployed about 80% of its capital.

In total, the firm manages around $750 million, Taperio told The Block.

Backers of the fund include the Municipal Employees’ Retirement System of Michigan and billionaire investor Alan Howard, who Tapiero described as a “significant investor.”

“Within six weeks of our valuation, Kraken had gone up 3 to 4 times,” Tapiero said. “eToro went up around 5 to 6 times. I’ve never seen anything like that.”

Indeed, the growth of 10T reflects trends underway in the crypto market. Large firms are able to raise money in quick succession, boosting their valuations. In many respects, firms don’t necessarily need more capital, but the desire for large investors to deploy into crypto gives them the opportunity to raise. 

By Tapiero’s count, around 70 companies in the crypto market boost a valuation above $1 billion—an increase from 20 around a year ago. Newbie unicorns including NFT platform Opensea and trading services firm FalconX. 

Sam Bankman-Fried, whose firm FTX raised $900 million earlier this year, told The Block in a phone interview that the crypto private markets are out of balance. 

“In a raise, you think about the company that is raising where that is where the demand is, and the investors have the supply,” he said. “Raises are driven by the need of companies, but we are seeing now is a need to invest. LPs are telling me all my friends made so much money on crypto and I want you to make some of that crypto money.”

Tapiero definitely sees old friends from Wall Street interested in what he called “crypto money.” 

“People say to me ‘you’re really doing crypto for Boomers. It is a little bit of that,” he remarked.

Still, despite signs of overactivity, Tapiero said that companies are putting this money to work and, in many cases, need capital for growth purposes. 

“The hiring that is happening in the space is just incredible and it is every single firm,” he said. “And they are educating people out there on these new business lines that didn’t exist.”

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Frank Chaparro

Judge orders Coinseed to shut down and pay $3 million in relief

The attorney general of New York scored a victory in its case against crypto investment app Coinseed. 

Per a September 13 default judgment, Coinseed and founder Delgerdalai Davaasambuu never even formally responded to the NYAG’s initial complaint, filed in February, which accused Coinseed of trading cryptocurrencies in the state without registering as a broker-dealer as required by the Martin Act. 

An announcement from attorney general Letitia James said that Coinseed violated a court order in the case from June that was supposed to stop the firm’s activities.

Instead, James’ office wrote: “Coinseed and its CEO defied that preliminary injunction by creating, offering, and selling a new virtual currency — including to New York investors — and failed to respond to Attorney General James’ complaint.”

Coinseed and Davaasambuu now must pay relief of $3,061,511 to investors, as well as assorted court fines. They are also permanently barred from operating as a broker, dealer, advisor or issuer for any commodity or security trading in the state of New York. 

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Kollen Post

Before Senate, Chair Gensler will argue that many crypto trading platforms need to register with SEC

Gary Gensler, chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, will appear before a Senate committee Tuesday, where he plans to reiterate his belief that many major cryptocurrency exchanges need to register as securities exchanges. 

In opening remarks released by the Senate Banking Committee, Gensler says: 

“Many platforms have dozens or hundreds of tokens on them. While each token’s legal status depends on its own facts and circumstances, the probability is quite remote that, with 50, 100, or 1,000 tokens, any given platform has zero securities. Make no mistake: To the extent that there are securities on these trading platforms, under our laws they have to register with the Commission unless they qualify for an exemption.”

Gensler’s planned comments echo his previous statements, all of which fit in with his long-term interest in heightening SEC oversight over crypto exchanges.

Spot markets for cryptocurrencies are a critical juncture for current regulation. Gensler has been working with Banking Committee members like Senator Elizabeth Warren to expand the SEC’s statutory authority over crypto exchanges.

To this point, Gensler’s remarks note: “Right now, large parts of the field of crypto are sitting astride of — not operating within — regulatory frameworks that protect investors and consumers, guard against illicit activity, and ensure for financial stability. “

If crypto assets are commodities, then they fall to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which has an enforcement regime for spot markets, but doesn’t actively regulate those markets. The SEC, on the other hand, has more stringent reporting requirements for securities exchanges. 

Around the same time that Gensler began arguing that crypto exchanges with many tokens were likely to be securities exchanges, former CFTC commissioner Brian Quentenz took to Twitter to say: “Just so we’re all clear here, the SEC has no authority over pure commodities or their trading venues, whether those commodities are wheat, gold, oil….or #crypto assets.” Quintenz is now an advisor to a16z’s crypto fund

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Kollen Post

SEC settles with media groups for $539 million over stock, digital token offering

Three media groups have agreed to a $539 million settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) over an alleged illegal securities offering in the form of stocks as well as digital tokens.

GTV Media Group Inc., Saraca Media Group Inc. and Voice of Guo Media Inc. will each pay individual penalties in addition to disgorgement. The SEC alleges the three solicited thousands to invest in its so-called “G-Coins” or “G-Dollars,” as well as an unregistered offering of common stock. They found investors through social media and by posting informational videos on its own website and platforms like YouTube. 

In total, those efforts would yield $487 million from over 5,000 investors, according to the SEC. However, the agency said no disclosures or registrations were ever filed despite the fact that its investor base contained U.S. residents.

“Thousands of investors purchased GTV stock, G-Coins, and G-Dollars based on the respondents’ solicitation of the general public with limited disclosures,” Richard R. Best, Director of the SEC’s New York Regional Office, said in a statement. “The remedies ordered by the Commission today, which include a fair fund distribution, will provide meaningful relief to investors in these illegal offerings.”

The settlement does not admit to any wrongdoing. Still, GTV and Saraca agreed to a cease-and-desist order in addition to a $434 million disgorgement and civil penalties of $15 million each. Voice of Guo also agreed to a cease-and-desist with disgorgement of $52 million and a $5 million penalty.

The SEC’s order will be posted on all sites and social media owned by the firms. They’ve also agreed to refrain from participating in any digital asset-based security offering in the future. 

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Aislinn Keely

The Financial Aftermath of 9/11

9/11 was a human tragedy of staggering proportions.

This weekend America honored and mourned the first responders, office workers, airline passengers and others who lost their lives 20 years ago.

As the world looks back on one of the most consequential events of the 21st century, it’s important to remember 9/11′s long-lasting aftereffects – a reminder that emergencies can make for knee-jerk policy and unforeseen consequences.

These lingering effects include the increased mass surveillance and tightening of anti-money laundering rules under the USA Patriot Act and the toll these measures took on privacy, financial inclusion and innovation.

The added compliance burden raised the barriers to entry in financial services, further discouraging competition and strengthening incumbents with scale to offset the costs.

Meanwhile, as Shoshanna Zuboff argues in her book “The Age of Surveillance Capitalism,” the national security establishment’s thirst for ever-more private data dovetailed with Silicon Valley’s desire to mine it for profit.

Bitcoin, cryptocurrency and the Web3 movement can all to varying degrees be seen as reactions to these historical forces that undermined the liberating promise of the early internet.

Below are some relevant reads, representing a wide variety of perspectives published in CoinDesk over the years.

How FinCEN Became a Honeypot for Sensitive Personal Data

The Crypto Community Must Use the Blockchain to Self-Police

Tucker Carlson Is Right About Financial Privacy

US National Security Advisor: Bitcoin Needs to Be Understood, Not Feared

No, Secretary Summers, Financial Privacy Is a Vital Freedom

A World Where Privacy and Saving Lives Can Coexist

State of Crypto: The US Government Keeps Mentioning Terrorism

They Starve’: The Ugly Side of the US’ KYC-AML Obsession

‘Radical Indifference’: How Surveillance Capitalism Conquered Our Lives

The Crypto-Surveillance Capitalism Connection

There’s a Bigger Scam Than Anything in Crypto, It’s Called KYC/AML

There’s a Huge Opportunity for Everyone in Crypto, It’s Called KYC/AML

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Author: Marc Hochstein

House Democrats eye wash sale rule for cryptocurrencies as part of trillion-dollar spending plan: report

Congressional Democrats in the House and Senate are solidifying plans for a multi-trillion-dollar spending package. Among the possible ways to pay for it, according to Politico: applying wash sale rules to cryptocurrencies.

Citing sources with knowledge of the plan being developed, Politico reported that Richard Neal, chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, wants to include a series of measures to pay for the spending package, which could weigh in at as much as $3.5 trillion.

As Politico noted:

The Ways and Means Committee is also planning to call for a new 3 percent surtax on people making more than $5 million, sources familiar with Chair Richard Neal’s still-unreleased plan say, as well as increasing the top capital gains rate to 28.8 percent from 23.8 percent. Neal also wants to raise taxes on multinational corporations’ overseas profits, tighten estate tax rules and pare back deductions for some unincorporated businesses. And he wants new limits on supersized individual retirement accounts, additional restrictions on deductions companies take for highly compensated employees and new “wash sale” rules for people who own cryptocurrencies.”

Neal’s office did not immediately respond to a request for comment by press time.

Under US rules, a taxpayer can’t deduct the losses from wash sales, defined as when a stock or security is sold and then, within 30 days, “substantially identical securities” are then purchased. The idea behind wash sale rules is to prevent their use for so-called tax harvesting, a practice employed to offset gains elsewhere. Currently, cryptocurrencies aren’t subject to these rules — a state of affairs that critics say constitutes a loophole

It’s not clear based on Politico’s reporting whether wash rules for cryptocurrencies will be included in the bill, which is expected to be unveiled before the end of the month. Congressional leaders have been tight-lipped about the spending package ahead of what many expect to be a protracted fight over tax and spending policies. 

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Michael McSweeney


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