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SEC commissioner Hester Peirce is expecting growth in NFT use cases in 2022

SEC commissioner Hester Peirce says she’s expecting an increase in the financialization of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in 2022, and that means holders will have to keep an eye on the ways their activity could run into securities laws.

In an interview with CoinDesk’s First Mover on Thursday, Peirce delivered her 2022 outlook. Peirce said she anticipates additional use cases for NFTs as people figure out how they can further extract value from the tokens. As those use cases expand ownership and governance rights, Peirce said holders should look to see how those uses might dovetail with securities laws.

“I think as people have learned, our definition of security is quite broad, and so people need to be thinking about potential places where NFTs might run into securities regulatory regime,” she said. 

Where those intersections might occur have yet to be determined, according to Peirce. However, she has already written on the potential for fractionalization of NFTs to run up against the SEC’s mandate. 

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Aislinn Keely

Ontario securities regulator slams Binance after crypto exchange claims it can continue operating there

Binance users in Canada are getting mixed signals on whether the exchange can or cannot operate in the country.

On December 29, Binance users in the province of Ontario began flagging updates they had been receiving from the exchange. The updates, which representatives for Binance have confirmed as authentic to The Block, say that they no longer need to close accounts by the end of December. 

After being contacted by The Block regarding those updates, the Ontario Securities Commission released a statement saying in no uncertain terms: “Binance is not registered in Ontario.” 

“This is unacceptable,” the announcement continued. “No entity in the Binance group of companies holds any form of securities registration in Ontario.”

Binance based its statement on its recent registration as a money services business with Canada’s anti-money laundering authority, FinTrac. FinTrac is a federal MSB regulator, unlike in the US, where most crypto exchanges operate on the basis of MSB registrations with various state overseers.

In its announcement, Binance referred to “ongoing and positive cooperation with Canadian regulators.” The firm further said its MSB license “allows us to continue our operations in Canada and resume business in Ontario while we pursue full registration.”

The meaning of “full registration” was unclear at the time. A representative for Binance told The Block that “we are making an application with IIROC to be a securities and derivatives dealer in Canada.” The IIROC is the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada, a self-regulatory organization.

Binance had taken steps to end access in Ontario in June of this year, a reaction to a Canada-wide policy of restricting crypto trading to exchanges registered with securities authorities.

The Canadian Securities Administrators — which unites provincial securities authorities, the biggest of which is the Ontario Securities Commission — began cracking down on custodial exchanges earlier this year. The operative principle is that custodial accounts represent securities agreements with crypto exchanges, even if the cryptocurrencies involved are not necessarily securities. 

A similar controversy played out this month in Singapore. In that locale, Binance had operated both through its global exchange and via a Binance Singapore affiliate, neither of which had the necessary registrations to offer crypto trading. 

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Kollen Post

Gensler taps Senate aide to advise on crypto oversight

 The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced Thursday that senior Senate aide Corey Frayer will serve as a senior advisor on crypto-related issues.

In a Thursday press release, the US securities regulator framed Frayer’s work as focused on “SEC policymaking and interagency work relating to the oversight of crypto assets.” Bloomberg reported earlier this month that Frayer had been tapped for the role. 

Before joining the SEC, Frayer worked as a senior staffer on the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs under Sen. Sherrod Brown. Prior to that, he served as a senior advisor to Rep. Maxine Waters on the House Financial Services Committee. 

“Corey, Phil, Jenny, and Jorge have exceptional experience,” Gensler said in a short statement. “I’ve already begun to rely on their valuable counsel on policy, enforcement, and agency operations, and I look forward to our continued work together to execute the SEC’s mission.”

Gensler took office in April and has since sought to establish crypto and digital assets as a high-profile regulatory area for the SEC. In September, he said that he wanted to bring crypto “into the public policy framework.”

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Michael McSweeney

Twitch co-founder’s gaming-focused NFT platform Fractal officially launches

The gaming-focused non-fungible token (NFT) marketplace Fractal —  launched by the video game streaming platform Twitch co-founder Justin Kan and other media entrepreneurs Robin Chan, David Wurtz and Mike Angell — officially went live today.

Fractal is a primary and secondary market for NFTs that have utility in games, as The Block previously reported. Game companies can mint and drop gaming NFTs for its fans, and players can sell NFTs to each other in the peer-to-peer marketplace. 

“NFT’s are like the new Kickstarter. A lot of gaming companies are saying, ‘Hey, this is a great way to engage our audience and reward people who are early,” Kan told The Block. “We have an audience of highly engaged gamers who want to play games and discover new NFTs for games, then we could be the place that makes sense to mint.”

Game developers must apply to have digital assets sold on Fractal, which will consider the credibility of the game, the team creating it and the assets provided to Fractal during the application process, Kan said. “These efforts protect our users and ensure they are able to make informed purchase decisions.” 

Fractal initially chose to run on the Solana blockchain for its low costs and high transaction speeds but intends to add multichain interoperability in the future. Fractal is currently being self-funded by its founders but intends to start raising after its launch, Kan explained, and will take Fractal will take 2% on all sales once the platform starts selling NFTs. 

To help kick off its launch, Fractal has partnered with Solana-based games such the Japanese-style role playing game (RPG) Aurory, the RPG Genopets, the shooter-stye game Nyan Heroes and the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) Solchicks.  

Aside from these types of games, Kan thinks that other styles such as a massively multiplayer online (MMO) can find utility for NFTs, as there’s already the equivalent of NFTs in traditional Web2 games such as players buying skin cosmetics, guns and other in-game items.  

However, some gamers have been vocal against the inclusion of NFTs in games. The Ukrainian indie game developer GSC Games had to pull planned NFTs from its forthcoming title S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2: Heart of Chernobyl after backlash from its fanbase. But Kan doesn’t think the traditional gaming community’s aversion to NFTs will last. 

“Digital assets are clearly valuable because people would buy gold in World of Warcraft years ago because they wanted it. And so now, the question is, ‘Does looking open and accessible, programmable and owned by the users make it more valuable? I think the answer is yes. And it’s just a matter of time before more and more people adopt it,” Kan says. 

In addition to serving as an NFT marketplace, Fractal intends to help companies who want to include NFTs in their games have more impactful launches and build bigger communities. To do that, Kan says Fractal will offer game companies ways to curate their NFT store both on their website and Fractal, as well as channels to communicate with players.

This year has already seen an uptick of companies building out blockchain-based games and venture capitalists eager to support them. Even prominent NFT-native projects geared up to enter the gaming space like Bored Ape Yacht Club, which is expected to launch its own video game in Q2 of next year. 

“You saw promises of a game, forthcoming game or people talking about games [in 2021], but 2022 is when the real games come out that are actually fun to play,” Kan said.

The run-up to launch wasn’t without incident, however, as a bot used on Fractal’s dedicated Discord was hacked and the culprit made off with $154,000 in solana (SOL). Kan later reimbursed those losses.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: MK Manoylov

DeFi startup Umee raises additional $32 million in CoinList sale

Umee, a protocol building interoperable tools for decentralized finance (DeFi) users, has raised an additional $32 million through a Coinlist sale of its native UMEE tokens. 

Umee is building out a “cross chain DeFi hub,” which provides DeFi users with a number of interoperable tools that work across various chains and venues. The hub will house initial tools built by Umee, and additionally foster developers building on the initial offerings. It’s focused on creating tools for cross-chain interest rates, interchain leverage and multi-chain staking.

Just last June it raised $6.3 million from the likes of Polychain, Coinbase and others in a seed round. Now, its UMEE tokens have netted it an additional $32 million. The team sold the tokens through CoinList, a platform that enables the sale of digital assets before they appear on exchanges. 

Umee’s offering was the largest number of registrants in the history of CoinList sales, reaching more than 900,000 and selling out in an hour. An additional 64,000 token holders have been added to the Umee blockchain as a result of the sale. 

CEO Brent Xu said the team plans to use the newly raised funds to expand its engineering team. expand its legal compliance resources, expand its underlying infrastructure and grow and develop its global community through additional marketing. 

To increase interoperability of the cross-chain hub, Umee is looking to build teams of 6-8 engineers for every blockchain network it connects to, including systems engineers, cryptography engineers and product managers. It’s hoping to connect from five to eight networks by the end of next year. 

Umee’s ecosystem will expand to support multiple blockchain bridging infrastructures to enable connection between different networks. Xu said the team plans to set up network testing infrastructure for its cross-chain bridges and lending and borrowing functionalities.

The team is planning its mainnet launch for mid-February 2022, according to a post. A beta webapp will be available in the coming days. 

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Aislinn Keely

Furucombo: no-code atomic transactions

Quick Take

  • Furucombo provides a user-friendly interface that facilitates the construction of atomic transactions on Ethereum and Polygon
  • Furucombo’s usage is on a downtrend as it struggles to find a product-market fit
  • COMBO token holders may be able to participate in on-chain governance and benefit from revenue sharing in the future

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members of The Block Genesis.
You can continue reading
this Genesis research on The Block.

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Author: Eden Au

MicroStrategy says purchased another $94.2 million worth of bitcoin during December

MicroStrategy added to its ever-growing hoard of bitcoin over the course of December, according to a Thursday disclosure.

The publicly traded firm “purchased approximately 1,914 bitcoins for approximately $94.2 million in cash, at an average price of approximately $49,229 per bitcoin,” according to an SEC filing

“As of December 29, 2021, the Company held approximately 124,391 bitcoins that were acquired at an aggregate purchase price of $3.75 billion and an average purchase price of approximately $30,159 per bitcoin, inclusive of fees and expenses,” MicroStrategy continued.

The timing indicates that MicroStrategy continued to buy following the disclosure of a 1,434 BTC accumulation between November 29 and December 8.

As previously reported, MicroStrategy is looking at ways to generate “yield” via its bitcoin holdings. CEO Michael Saylor said during an investor presentation earlier this month that potential options include lending out some of its holdings. 

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Michael McSweeney

Polygon co-founders say they’ve gotten rid of C-suite positions

Ethereum scaling project Polygon no longer has C-suite positions such as CEO and COO.

Polygon co-founder Sandeep Nailwal, who was also the COO of the project, has removed that position from his job title sometime this month, according to his LinkedIn profile.

When contacted, Nailwal told The Block that he recently updated his LinkedIn profile as Polygon has removed all C-suite positions.


Fellow Polygon co-founder Jaynti Kanani had the CEO role listed on his LinkedIn profile until Wednesday, but later removed it after The Block contacted Nailwal.

Why the shift?

Another co-founder of Polygon, Mihailo Bjelic, told The Block that Polygon, being a decentralized project, decided to quash C-level roles “months ago.”

“We want to make it even more decentralized,” he said, adding that the functional degree of co-founders’ work remains the same.

“Sandeep is in charge of all pretty much all the operations of the business side. Absolute nothing has changed here,” he added.

Bjelic went on to compare Polygon to Ethereum, saying that the latter doesn’t have C-suite positions either.

Earlier this month, the Polygon network was at risk of losing all of its more than 9 billion MATIC tokens (currently worth over $23 billion) due to a critical bug. But whitehat hackers discovered the bug and Polygon moved to upgrade its mainnet (hard forked its network). In the process, Polygon paid a total of about $3.46 million in bug bounties to two whitehat hackers.

Polygon’s removal of C-level positions comes as more crypto companies are declaring themselves decentralized and doing away with headquarters. Earlier this year, Coinbase said it is a “decentralized company” with no headquarters.

Binance, on the other hand, is now looking to set up headquarters somewhere because having no head office “doesn’t go well with regulators,” and some think the company is “dodgy,” according to Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Yogita Khatri

Decentraland to get a Times Square New Year’s Eve celebration

The blockchain and crypto investor Digital Currency Group (DCG) and the international real estate firm Jamestown announced Wednesday that they’re going to recreate a significant cultural site within the virtual world platform Decentraland — One Times Square. 

One Times Square is a 26-story building in the middle of New York City’s Time Square. Its roof is where the New Year’s Eve Ball Drop Celebration occurs every December 31, and the building itself is owned by Jamestown.

On December 31 at 11 p.m. EST, the virtual One Times Square will have its own digital New Year’s Eve Ball and will be the site of a New Year’s Eve party, marking one of the first times a major cultural celebration has been translated into the metaverse. 

“This event highlights how virtual events can cohesively integrate with real ones in an effort to bring once-in-a-lifetime experiences to so many that would have never been able to participate otherwise,” said DCG Head of Real Estate Simon Koster in a statement. 

The metaverse development companies GrowYourBase and MetaVenture Studios are constructing Decentraland’s One Times Square, located at -106, -119 on the platform. 

Decentraland gained popularity as a virtual world platform in 2021. Parcels of its digital land have sold for millions of dollars for shopping district development, brands such as Sotheby’s recreating their physical spaces.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: MK Manoylov

‘Critical’ Polygon bug put $24 billion in tokens at risk until recent hard fork

Ethereum scaling project Polygon was at risk of losing nearly all of its MATIC tokens until it upgraded its network earlier this month.

The problem was a “critical” vulnerability in Polygon’s proof-of-stake genesis contract, which could have allowed attackers to steal over 9.2 billion MATIC tokens (currently worth over $24 billion). The total supply of MATIC tokens is 10 billion.

The vulnerability was reported on the bug bounty platform Immunefi by a whitehat hacker known as Leon Spacewalker. According to details shared Wednesday, the bug essentially could have allowed attackers to arbitrarily mint all of Polygon’s more than 9.2 billion MATIC tokens from its MRC20 contract.

After Spacewalker found the bug, Immunefi informed the Polygon team the same day. The team then confirmed the vulnerability and moved to update the Polygon network, initially with an update for its Mumbai testnet.

According to Polygon, the testnet update was completed on December 4, and the team was preparing for the mainnet upgrade. Yet before the mainnet upgrade was undertaken, a malicious actor exploited the bug and stole 801,601 MATIC tokens (currently worth over $2 million). Polygon has said it will bear the cost of the theft.

After the MATIC tokens were stolen, a second whitehat hacker (who remains anonymous) discovered the vulnerability and submitted a report to Immunefi. Polygon then released an emergency upgrade for its mainnet, with the hard fork taking place on December 5. 

Though details of the incident wouldn’t be released until December 29, chatter on social media in mid-December emerged about Polygon’s silent, zero-warning hard fork.

At the time, Polygon co-founder Mihailo Bjelic said that there was a vulnerability and that the team would release additional details. “We are now investing much more in security and we’re making an effort to improve security practices across all Polygon projects,” he wrote at the time. 

As for why the project waited until now to disclose the bug, Polygon said it follows a “silent patches” policy introduced and used by Geth (an Ethereum software client) team, explaining:

“All in all, the core development team struck the best possible balance between openness and doing what is best for the community, partners and the broader ecosystem in handling this extremely urgent and sensitive issue. But you can be the judge of that.”

The Polygon team awarded bug bounties worth roughly $3.46 million, with Spacewalker receiving $2.2 million worth of stablecoins, and the anonymous whitehat hacker receiving 500,000 MATIC tokens (currently worth over $1.27 million).

The market for MATIC doesn’t appear to have been affected by the bug news, with the token trading at around $2.59 as of press time.

© 2021 The Block Crypto, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.

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Author: Yogita Khatri


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